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Catalonia Offensive
The Catalonia Offensive was part of the Spanish Civil War. The Nationalist Army started the offensive on December 23, 1938, and rapidly conquered Republican-held Catalonia with Barcelona (the Republic's capital city from October 1937).〔Graham, Helen. ''The Spanish Civil War. A Very Short Introduction.'' Oxford University Press. 2005. p. 102〕 Barcelona was captured on January 26, 1939. The Republican government headed for the French border. Thousands of people fleeing the Nationalists also crossed the frontier in the following month, to be placed in internment camps. Franco closed the border with France by February 10, 1939.
==Background==
After its defeat at the Battle of the Ebro the Republican Army was broken and would never recover. The Republicans had lost most of their armament and experienced units.〔Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge.'' Harper Perennial. London. 2006. p. 292〕 Furthermore, on October 1938 the Republican government agreed to withdraw the volunteers of the International Brigades.〔Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge.'' Harper Perennial. London. 2006. pp.292–293〕 On the other hand, the Nationalists received new supplies of ammunition, weapons and aircraft from Germany.〔Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge.'' Harper Perennial. London. 2006. p. 294〕 Furthermore, after the Munich Agreement, the hope of an intervention of the Western democracies in order to aid the Republic against Germany and Italy vanished.〔 France had closed the frontier again in mid-June 1938 and froze Republican financial assets in French Banks.〔Graham, Helen. ''The Spanish Civil War. A Very Short Introduction.'' Oxford University Press. 2005. p. 99〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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